Excel University Blog

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Functions

Sudoku COPILOT

By Jeff Lenning | October 21, 2025 |

We’re always on the lookout for ways to automate repetitive tasks in Excel. And today, we’re diving into something a bit more fun: building Sudoku puzzles in Excel with the COPILOT and WEBSERVICE functions. Whether you’re a puzzle enthusiast or just looking to expand your Excel skills using its latest AI tools, this practical walkthrough…

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COPILOT Function

By Jeff Lenning | October 7, 2025 |

Microsoft Excel’s new COPILOT function brings the power of large language models (LLMs) directly into the worksheet. Unlike the Copilot chat pane, the COPILOT function allows us to perform natural language tasks right in the grid, just like any native Excel function. In this post, we’ll walk through how to use the COPILOT function to…

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Generate Sudoku in Excel with Free API

By Jeff Lenning | September 30, 2025 |

Did you know we can auto-generate Sudoku puzzles right inside Excel, without manually entering grid layouts? With the WEBSERVICE function and a little help from a Sudoku API, we can create both a playable Sudoku puzzle and its corresponding solution dynamically. In this step-by-step guide, we’ll show how to make a Sudoku board using Excel’s…

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Cost of Borrowing Revealed

By Jeff Lenning | September 23, 2025 |

When it comes to understanding the true cost of borrowing, we can’t afford to rely solely on advertised rates. Terms like APR (Annual Percentage Rate) and APY (Annual Percentage Yield) might seem interchangeable, but they tell very different stories due to compounding. With Excel’s built-in financial functions like NOMINAL, EFFECT, PMT, and RATE, we can…

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Loan Calculations from First Payment to Payoff

By Jeff Lenning | September 16, 2025 |

Understanding how loan payments are structured can feel overwhelming but Excel gives us powerful tools to make these calculations quick and simple. Whether we’re evaluating monthly payments, interest breakdowns, or savings from early payoff, Excel’s financial functions (PMT, IPMT, PPMT, CUMPRINC, CUMIPMT) help us every step of the way. This post is brought to you…

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Money Math Five

By Jeff Lenning | September 9, 2025 |

Mastering 5 Key Financial Functions: PMT, PV, FV, NPER, RATE Whether we’re planning to buy a car, save for retirement, or pay off a loan, numbers play a central role in our financial journey. Excel gives us powerful tools to analyze and plan financial scenarios. In this post, we’ll walk through five key Excel financial…

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Investment Evaluation Toolkit

By Jeff Lenning | September 2, 2025 |

When it comes to evaluating investments in Excel, most people immediately jump to the familiar NPV and IRR functions. While these are incredibly powerful, they can lead to incorrect conclusions if we don’t fully understand how they work, especially when cash flows vary or are irregular. In this post, we’ll walk through six powerful finance…

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Modified Internal Rate of Return MIRR

By Jeff Lenning | August 19, 2025 |

When it comes to evaluating the performance of investment opportunities in Excel, many of us start with the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) function. While helpful, it carries assumptions that don’t always fit real-world situations … especially when financing costs or different reinvestment options are involved. That’s where MIRR (Modified Internal Rate of Return) becomes…

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Internal Rate of Return with XIRR

By Jeff Lenning | August 12, 2025 |

If we need to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for a series of cash flows occurring on irregular dates, the standard IRR function in Excel falls short. That’s where XIRR steps in. The XIRR function allows us to incorporate actual dates for each cash flow, offering a more precise and reliable result which…

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Internal Rate of Return IRR

By Jeff Lenning | August 5, 2025 |

When evaluating where to invest our money, whether it’s in education, a new business, or a CD, understanding the rate of return is essential. Thankfully, Excel makes this process straightforward with the IRR function, or Internal Rate of Return. This function helps us calculate the annualized rate our cash flows will earn over time. In…

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